89 research outputs found

    COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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    Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≀ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≄ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

    GĂ©nĂ©tique des fibroses pulmonaires familiales de l’adulte

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    About 10% of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have at least one relative with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Mutations had been reported on the genes encoding for the proteins involved in the surfactant metabolism and in the telomerase complex In adults, TERT mutations were the most frequent (˜15%), mutations of TERC, DKC1 and TINF2 more rarely found. Approximately 80% of the familial forms of pulmonary fibroses in adults were unidentified. The objectives of this work were: 1) to identify a new gene involved in unexplained adult familial pulmonary fibrosis, 2) to better characterize the phenotype of patients with mutations of TERT, TERC or the new gene detected. We selected 35 families with familial pulmonary fibrosis for which the TERT, TERC, ABCA3, SFTPB and SFTPC mutation search was negative, to perform exome sequencing. Four of the 35 families analyzed showed a very rare variant on RTEL1 in the heterozygous state. The presence of the variants was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. These variants were absent from the control databases. In silico predictions were in favor of the pathogenicity of these variants.In families, the variants co-segregated with the disease. In 3D modeling, analysis of the variants suggested a functional impact at the ATP or DNA binding site. The telomere length of carriers of the mutations was shortened compared to controls in the same age group. In 2014, 237 patients with pulmonary fibrosis (153 with familial pulmonary fibrosis, 84 with telomere syndrome) were sequenced for TERC and TERT. The variants were classified as pathogenic in 40 patients (16.8%). An early age of diangosis, macrocytosis, or thrombocytopenia were significantly associated with the presence of a mutation.The probability of a mutation was greatest for patients aged 40-60 years. The median survival without transplantation was lower for patients with TERT or TERC mutations.We performed a sequencing of the exoma in 40 other families and showed 5 new variants of RTEL1 probably pathogenic in silico. We also demonstrated 3 other mutations of RTEL1 in a cohort of ILD associated with rheumatoid arthritis. We collected data from 35 patients with ILD carriers of RTEL1 heterozygous mutations. Twenty patients had IPF (57%) and 10 a secondary ILD (25.7%). Unlike mutations within TERT or TERC, RTEL1 mutations were associated with fewer hematological abnormalities.Furthermore, the pulmonary expression of the RTEL1 protein evaluated by immunohistochemistry and mRNA by PCR was equivalent in patients carriers of RTEL1 or TERT mutations or IPF without mutation. We identified and confirmed the implication of a new gene, RTEL1, in about 10% of familial pulmonary fibroses. The presence of macrocytosis, thrombocytopenia or a young age is predictive of the presence of a mutation within TERT or TERC. The penetrance of hematological diseases appears to be lower for RTEL1 mutation carriers than for TERT or TERC mutation carriers in our cohort of ILD patient. Mutations of TERT or RTEL1 are frequently associated with secondary ILDEnviron 10 % des patients atteints de fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) ont au moins un apparentĂ© atteint de pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse (PID). Des mutations avaient Ă©tĂ© mises en Ă©vidence sur les gĂšnes codant pour les protĂ©ines impliquĂ©es dans le mĂ©tabolisme du surfactant et les protĂ©ines du complexe tĂ©lomĂ©rase. Chez l’adulte, les mutations de TERT Ă©taient les plus frĂ©quentes (˜15 %), les mutations de TERC, DKC1 et TINF2 plus rarement retrouvĂ©es. Environ 80 % des formes familiales de fibroses pulmonaires chez l’adulte Ă©taient sans cause identifiĂ©e. Les objectifs de cette thĂšse Ă©taient : 1) d’identifier un nouveau gĂšne en cause dans les fibroses pulmonaires familiales de l’adulte inexpliquĂ©es, 2) de mieux caractĂ©riser le phĂ©notype des patients prĂ©sentant des mutations de TERT, de TERC ou du nouveau gĂšne mis en Ă©vidence.Nous avons sĂ©lectionnĂ© 35 familles prĂ©sentant une fibrose pulmonaire familiale pour lesquelles la recherche de mutation TERT, TERC, ABCA3, SFTPB et SFTPC Ă©tait nĂ©gative, pour rĂ©aliser un sĂ©quençage de l’exome. Quatre familles sur les 35 analysĂ©es prĂ©sentaient un variant trĂšs rare sur RTEL1 Ă  l’état hĂ©tĂ©rozygote. La prĂ©sence des variants a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©e par sĂ©quençage selon la mĂ©thode de Sanger. Ces variants Ă©taient absents des bases de donnĂ©es de contrĂŽles. Les prĂ©dictions in silico Ă©taient en faveur du caractĂšre pathogĂšne de ces variants. Les variants co-sĂ©grĂ©geaient avec la maladie dans les familles.L’analyse des variants Ă  partir de la modĂ©lisation en 3D de la protĂ©ine suggĂ©rait un impact fonctionnel des variants sur le site de fixation Ă  l’ATP ou Ă  l’ADN. La taille des tĂ©lomĂšres des patients Ă©taient raccourcies en comparaison des tĂ©moins de la mĂȘme catĂ©gorie d’ñge. En 2014, 237 patients avec une fibrose pulmonaire (153 avec une fibrose pulmonaire familiale, 84 avec un syndrome tĂ©lomĂšre) avaient bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’un sĂ©quençage de TERC et de TERT. Les variants ont Ă©tĂ© classĂ©s comme pathogĂšnes chez 40 patients (16,8 %). Un Ăąge de survenue prĂ©coce de fibrose, une macrocytose, ou une thrombopĂ©nie Ă©taient significativement associĂ©e avec la prĂ©sence d’une mutation. La probabilitĂ© d’une mutation Ă©tait la plus importante pour les patients de 40-60 ans. La mĂ©diane de survie sans transplantation Ă©tait plus faible pour les patients porteurs de mutations de TERT ou de TERC. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© un sĂ©quençage de l’exome chez 40 autres familles et mis en Ă©vidence 5 nouveaux variants de RTEL1 probablement pathogĂšnes in silico. Nous avons par ailleurs mis en Ă©vidence 3 autres mutations de RTEL1 dans une cohorte de PID associĂ©es Ă  une polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde. Nous avons colligĂ© les donnĂ©es de 35 patients atteints de PID et porteurs de mutations hĂ©tĂ©rozygotes de RTEL1. Vingt patients prĂ©sentaient une FPI (57 %) et 10 une PID secondaire (25,7%). A la diffĂ©rence des mutations de TERT ou TERC, les mutations de RTEL1 Ă©taient associĂ©es Ă  moins d’anomalies hĂ©matologiques. Par ailleurs, l’expression pulmonaire de la protĂ©ine RTEL1 Ă©valuĂ©e par immuno-histochimie et de l’ARNm par PCR Ă©tait Ă©quivalente chez les patients porteurs de mutations RTEL1, de TERT ou atteints de FPI sans mutation. Nous avons identifiĂ© et confirmĂ© l’implication d’un nouveau gĂšne, RTEL1, dans environ 10 % des fibroses pulmonaires familiales. La prĂ©sence d’une macrocytose, d’une thrombopĂ©nie ou d’un Ăąge jeune en prĂ©sence d’une forme familiale de fibrose est prĂ©dictive de la prĂ©sence d’une mutation de TERT ou de TERC. La pĂ©nĂ©trance des maladies hĂ©matologiques semble plus faible pour les mutations de RTEL1 que pour celles de TERT ou TERC dans notre cohorte recrutĂ©e sur l’atteinte pulmonaire. Les mutations de TERT ou de RTEL1 sont frĂ©quemment associĂ©es Ă  des PID secondaire

    Genetics of adult familial pulmonary fibrosis

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    Environ 10 % des patients atteints de fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) ont au moins un apparentĂ© atteint de pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse (PID). Des mutations avaient Ă©tĂ© mises en Ă©vidence sur les gĂšnes codant pour les protĂ©ines impliquĂ©es dans le mĂ©tabolisme du surfactant et les protĂ©ines du complexe tĂ©lomĂ©rase. Chez l’adulte, les mutations de TERT Ă©taient les plus frĂ©quentes (˜15 %), les mutations de TERC, DKC1 et TINF2 plus rarement retrouvĂ©es. Environ 80 % des formes familiales de fibroses pulmonaires chez l’adulte Ă©taient sans cause identifiĂ©e. Les objectifs de cette thĂšse Ă©taient : 1) d’identifier un nouveau gĂšne en cause dans les fibroses pulmonaires familiales de l’adulte inexpliquĂ©es, 2) de mieux caractĂ©riser le phĂ©notype des patients prĂ©sentant des mutations de TERT, de TERC ou du nouveau gĂšne mis en Ă©vidence.Nous avons sĂ©lectionnĂ© 35 familles prĂ©sentant une fibrose pulmonaire familiale pour lesquelles la recherche de mutation TERT, TERC, ABCA3, SFTPB et SFTPC Ă©tait nĂ©gative, pour rĂ©aliser un sĂ©quençage de l’exome. Quatre familles sur les 35 analysĂ©es prĂ©sentaient un variant trĂšs rare sur RTEL1 Ă  l’état hĂ©tĂ©rozygote. La prĂ©sence des variants a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©e par sĂ©quençage selon la mĂ©thode de Sanger. Ces variants Ă©taient absents des bases de donnĂ©es de contrĂŽles. Les prĂ©dictions in silico Ă©taient en faveur du caractĂšre pathogĂšne de ces variants. Les variants co-sĂ©grĂ©geaient avec la maladie dans les familles.L’analyse des variants Ă  partir de la modĂ©lisation en 3D de la protĂ©ine suggĂ©rait un impact fonctionnel des variants sur le site de fixation Ă  l’ATP ou Ă  l’ADN. La taille des tĂ©lomĂšres des patients Ă©taient raccourcies en comparaison des tĂ©moins de la mĂȘme catĂ©gorie d’ñge. En 2014, 237 patients avec une fibrose pulmonaire (153 avec une fibrose pulmonaire familiale, 84 avec un syndrome tĂ©lomĂšre) avaient bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’un sĂ©quençage de TERC et de TERT. Les variants ont Ă©tĂ© classĂ©s comme pathogĂšnes chez 40 patients (16,8 %). Un Ăąge de survenue prĂ©coce de fibrose, une macrocytose, ou une thrombopĂ©nie Ă©taient significativement associĂ©e avec la prĂ©sence d’une mutation. La probabilitĂ© d’une mutation Ă©tait la plus importante pour les patients de 40-60 ans. La mĂ©diane de survie sans transplantation Ă©tait plus faible pour les patients porteurs de mutations de TERT ou de TERC. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© un sĂ©quençage de l’exome chez 40 autres familles et mis en Ă©vidence 5 nouveaux variants de RTEL1 probablement pathogĂšnes in silico. Nous avons par ailleurs mis en Ă©vidence 3 autres mutations de RTEL1 dans une cohorte de PID associĂ©es Ă  une polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde. Nous avons colligĂ© les donnĂ©es de 35 patients atteints de PID et porteurs de mutations hĂ©tĂ©rozygotes de RTEL1. Vingt patients prĂ©sentaient une FPI (57 %) et 10 une PID secondaire (25,7%). A la diffĂ©rence des mutations de TERT ou TERC, les mutations de RTEL1 Ă©taient associĂ©es Ă  moins d’anomalies hĂ©matologiques. Par ailleurs, l’expression pulmonaire de la protĂ©ine RTEL1 Ă©valuĂ©e par immuno-histochimie et de l’ARNm par PCR Ă©tait Ă©quivalente chez les patients porteurs de mutations RTEL1, de TERT ou atteints de FPI sans mutation. Nous avons identifiĂ© et confirmĂ© l’implication d’un nouveau gĂšne, RTEL1, dans environ 10 % des fibroses pulmonaires familiales. La prĂ©sence d’une macrocytose, d’une thrombopĂ©nie ou d’un Ăąge jeune en prĂ©sence d’une forme familiale de fibrose est prĂ©dictive de la prĂ©sence d’une mutation de TERT ou de TERC. La pĂ©nĂ©trance des maladies hĂ©matologiques semble plus faible pour les mutations de RTEL1 que pour celles de TERT ou TERC dans notre cohorte recrutĂ©e sur l’atteinte pulmonaire. Les mutations de TERT ou de RTEL1 sont frĂ©quemment associĂ©es Ă  des PID secondairesAbout 10% of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have at least one relative with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Mutations had been reported on the genes encoding for the proteins involved in the surfactant metabolism and in the telomerase complex In adults, TERT mutations were the most frequent (˜15%), mutations of TERC, DKC1 and TINF2 more rarely found. Approximately 80% of the familial forms of pulmonary fibroses in adults were unidentified. The objectives of this work were: 1) to identify a new gene involved in unexplained adult familial pulmonary fibrosis, 2) to better characterize the phenotype of patients with mutations of TERT, TERC or the new gene detected. We selected 35 families with familial pulmonary fibrosis for which the TERT, TERC, ABCA3, SFTPB and SFTPC mutation search was negative, to perform exome sequencing. Four of the 35 families analyzed showed a very rare variant on RTEL1 in the heterozygous state. The presence of the variants was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. These variants were absent from the control databases. In silico predictions were in favor of the pathogenicity of these variants.In families, the variants co-segregated with the disease. In 3D modeling, analysis of the variants suggested a functional impact at the ATP or DNA binding site. The telomere length of carriers of the mutations was shortened compared to controls in the same age group. In 2014, 237 patients with pulmonary fibrosis (153 with familial pulmonary fibrosis, 84 with telomere syndrome) were sequenced for TERC and TERT. The variants were classified as pathogenic in 40 patients (16.8%). An early age of diangosis, macrocytosis, or thrombocytopenia were significantly associated with the presence of a mutation.The probability of a mutation was greatest for patients aged 40-60 years. The median survival without transplantation was lower for patients with TERT or TERC mutations.We performed a sequencing of the exoma in 40 other families and showed 5 new variants of RTEL1 probably pathogenic in silico. We also demonstrated 3 other mutations of RTEL1 in a cohort of ILD associated with rheumatoid arthritis. We collected data from 35 patients with ILD carriers of RTEL1 heterozygous mutations. Twenty patients had IPF (57%) and 10 a secondary ILD (25.7%). Unlike mutations within TERT or TERC, RTEL1 mutations were associated with fewer hematological abnormalities.Furthermore, the pulmonary expression of the RTEL1 protein evaluated by immunohistochemistry and mRNA by PCR was equivalent in patients carriers of RTEL1 or TERT mutations or IPF without mutation. We identified and confirmed the implication of a new gene, RTEL1, in about 10% of familial pulmonary fibroses. The presence of macrocytosis, thrombocytopenia or a young age is predictive of the presence of a mutation within TERT or TERC. The penetrance of hematological diseases appears to be lower for RTEL1 mutation carriers than for TERT or TERC mutation carriers in our cohort of ILD patient. Mutations of TERT or RTEL1 are frequently associated with secondary IL

    Atteintes pulmonaires au cours de la cirrhose biliaire primitive

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    La cirrhose biliaire primitive (CBP) est une hĂ©patopathie auto-immune. Des atteintes de l'appareil respiratoire ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crites au cours de la maladie. Elles peuvent ĂȘtre en rapport avec les complications de la cirrhose (hypertension artĂ©rielle pulmonaire, syndrome hĂ©patorĂ©nal), avec une maladie systĂ©mique associĂ©e Ă  la CBP (Syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren, sclĂ©rodermie, sarcoĂŻdose) ou ĂȘtre en rapport avec une atteinte spĂ©cifique de la CBP. L'ensemble des composants de l'appareil respiratoire peut ĂȘtre touchĂ© au cours d'une CBP : le diaphragme, les bronches et les bronchioles, les vaisseaux pulmonaires, et le parenchyme. Les Ă©tudes systĂ©matiques ont dĂ©montrĂ© la grande frĂ©quence de la diminution de la DLCO et d'une alvĂ©olite lymphocytaire Ă  prĂ©dominance de lymphocyte CD4+ (50 % des patients). De rares observations de fibrose pulmonaire sont dĂ©crites dans la littĂ©rature. Nous rapportons 3 observations de patients atteints de CBP et prĂ©sentant une pneumopathie interstitielle fibrosante. Dans 2 cas, il existe un Syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren associĂ©. L'atteinte pulmonaire est rĂ©vĂ©latrice de l'hĂ©patopathie dans 2 cas et responsable du dĂ©cĂšs dans un cas. Une patiente s'amĂ©liore sous corticoĂŻdes oraux. Il n'y a pas eu de biopsie pulmonaire. Ces observations dĂ©montrent la nĂ©cessitĂ© pour les pneumologues de rechercher systĂ©matiquement des anomalies du bilan hĂ©patique au cours du bilan et du suivi d'une pneumopathie interstitielle, et soulignent le caractĂšre potentiellement grave de l'atteinte pulmonaire au cours de la CBP.PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Dams select individual morphology but do not modify upstream migration speed of tropical amphidromous gobies

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    International audienceFish locomotor performance depends on inter-individual morphological differences and influences the response of populations to anthropogenic impacts. Amphidromous gobies, Sicyopterus lagocephalus and Cotylopus acutipinnis can climb up obstacles several metres high, after their arrival in rivers from the ocean. A previous study demonstrated that juveniles of S. lagocephalus performed better than C. acutipinnis when challenged with an artificial climbing ramp, and that individual morphology explained climbing performance for both species. This present study was focused on the effects of two 10-m high dams on the individual morphological selection of these species. We hypothesized that, compared with C. acutipinnis, (a) S. lagocephalus juveniles will reach the dams faster after they arrive in freshwater and (b) their morphology will play a lesser role in their capacity to climb up the dams. Anatomical traits were measured for 186 and 201 S. lagocephalus and 179 and 221 C. acutipinnis captured downstream and upstream of the dams, respectively. The time they spent in freshwater was estimated by examining the microstructures of their otoliths. As expected, S. lagocephalus individuals reached the dams 10–20 days faster than C. acutipinnis, and their morphology upstream and downstream of the dams did not differ, in contrast to C. acutipinnis. Upstream of the dam, C. acutipinnis had a larger pelvic sucker than downstream, confirming experimental observations. It suggests that juveniles of the cosmopolitan S. lagocephalus have more efficient upstream migration capacities than the endemic C. acutipinnis. Moreover, differences in individual morphologies above and below barriers appear efficient for quantifying their impact on upstream migration of amphidromous species

    Climbing Waterfalls: How Metabolism and Behavior Impact Locomotor Performance of Tropical Climbing Gobies on Reunion Island

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    International audienceThe life cycle of gobies of the Sicydiinae subfamily depends on climbing waterfalls. Two sympatric sicydiines species from Reunion Island, Sicyopterus lagocephalus (SIL) and Cotylopus acutipinnis (COA), employ different climbing modes. SIL uses a steady “inching” mode interrupted by short rest periods, whereas COA exhibits short “power-burst” undulatory movements punctuated by longer rest periods. Consequently, we explored the relationship between climbing performance and metabolic activity in these two species. We demonstrated that the two climbing modes are supported by different ecophysiological profiles that promote the interspecific variability of locomotor performance. More specifically, SIL performed better than COA during a climbing experiment because of its inching climbing mode, supported by a generally greater metabolic capacity and a higher potential for oxidative metabolism. Interestingly, we did not detect any difference in metabolic fuel storage and lactate production during climbing in either species, suggesting that these species can maintain fuel reserves and limit lactate accumulation through extensive rest times. Overall, this study provides new insights into the ecophysiology of these two emblematic species and suggests that the better climbing capacity of SIL is supported by its muscular metabolic capacity

    Climbing Waterfalls: How Metabolism and Behavior Impact Locomotor Performance of Tropical Climbing Gobies on Reunion Island

    No full text
    The life cycle of gobies of the Sicydiinae subfamily depends on climbing waterfalls. Two sympatric sicydiines species from Reunion Island, Sicyopterus lagocephalus (SIL) and Cotylopus acutipinnis (COA), employ different climbing modes. SIL uses a steady “inching” mode interrupted by short rest periods, whereas COA exhibits short “power-burst” undulatory movements punctuated by longer rest periods. Consequently, we explored the relationship between climbing performance and metabolic activity in these two species. We demonstrated that the two climbing modes are supported by different ecophysiological profiles that promote the interspecific variability of locomotor performance. More specifically, SIL performed better than COA during a climbing experiment because of its inching climbing mode, supported by a generally greater metabolic capacity and a higher potential for oxidative metabolism. Interestingly, we did not detect any difference in metabolic fuel storage and lactate production during climbing in either species, suggesting that these species can maintain fuel reserves and limit lactate accumulation through extensive rest times. Overall, this study provides new insights into the ecophysiology of these two emblematic species and suggests that the better climbing capacity of SIL is supported by its muscular metabolic capacity
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